What Externalizing Means in Psychiatry

What Externalizing Means in Psychiatry Basics Print What Externalizing Means in Psychiatry Externalizing Psychiatric Disorders By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 15, 2019 Leland Bobbe/Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Externalizing is a term used by mental health professionals to describe and diagnose psychiatric disorders featuring problems with self-control of emotions and behaviors. A person with an externalizing disorder directs antisocial, aggressive behavior outward (externally), at others, rather than turning his or her feelings inward (internalizing). A person diagnosed with any externalizing disorder has problems controlling emotions and impulses and expresses them with antisocial behavior that often violates the rights of others. For example, he or she may confront other people angrily and aggressively, opposing or “taking on” authority figures or striking back against social limits. Psychiatric Disorders Featuring Externalizing The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) groups externalizing disorders under the formal heading of “Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders.” They include: Antisocial Personality Disorder: Unlike the other externalizing disorders, this Cluster B personality disorder is mainly discussed in DSM-5 under the heading “Personality Disorders,” where it’s described as “a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others” in persons age 18 years or older whose antisocial conduct began before age 15 years. Criteria for diagnosing this externalizing disorder include combinations of symptoms that involve: Disregarding and violating the rights of others: for example, breaking the law, lying, acting irresponsibly, showing a reckless disregard for one’s or others’ safety, showing lack of remorse Other factors: Onset of this externalizing disorder before age 15 years includes evidence of conduct disorder. Symptoms and Treatment Options for Antisocial Personality Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Criteria for diagnosing this externalizing disorder include combinations of symptoms that involve: Angry/irritable mood: The person often 1) loses his or her temper, 2) is touchy or easily annoyed, 3) is angry and resentfulArgumentative/defiant behavior: The person often 1) argues with authority figures or, if a child or teenager, with adults; 2) actively defies or refuses to comply with rules or requests from authority figures; 3) deliberately annoys others; 4) blames others for his or her mistakes or misbehaviorVindictiveness (spitefulness): The person has shown this behavior at least twice within the past six months Other factors: The person’s behavior relates to his or her own distress or that of others close to him or her, or it has a negative impact on the person’s ability to function. Conduct Disorder. Criteria for diagnosing this externalizing disorder include combinations of symptoms that involve: Aggressive behavior toward people and animals: for example, bullying, threatening, intimidating, starting physical fights, using deadly weapons, physically abusing people or animalsDestruction of property: for example, deliberately setting fires or otherwise destroying propertyLyingTheftSerious violations of normally accepted rules of conduct Other factors: The persons behavior seriously negatively affects his or her ability to function socially or at work or school. Also, if age 18 or older, the person does not meet the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder. Pyromania (Fire-Setting): Criteria for diagnosing this externalizing disorder include combinations of symptoms that involve: Deliberate fire-setting more than onceA feeling of tension or arousal before the actFascination with, interest in, curiosity about, or attraction to fire, the items used to set it, and its social consequencesFeelings of pleasure, relief, or gratification during and after the act and from watching firesLack of an underlying reason for setting fires (such as for money or to conceal a criminal act) Other factors: The fire-setting is not better explained by a manic episode or a diagnosis of conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder. Kleptomania (Stealing): Criteria for diagnosing this externalizing disorder include combinations of symptoms that involve: Repeated failure to resist the impulse to steal objects not needed for personal use or for their monetary valueFeelings of increasing tension right before the theftPleasure, relief, or gratification during the theft Other factors: The thefts are not committed to express anger or vengeance and are not responses to delusions or hallucinations. Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Criteria for diagnosing this externalizing disorder include combinations of symptoms in persons age 6 years and older that involve: Impulsive, unplanned, and excessive verbal aggression, physical assault, and property damage that are not done to achieve things such as money or power Other factors: The repeated aggressive outbursts create severe distress or impairment of function in the person committing them, have financial or legal consequences  and are not better explained by another psychiatric or medical disorder. How Childhood Trauma Relates to Intermittent Explosive Disorder Note: The brief descriptions provided above are intended to give you a quick overview of the diagnostic criteria for disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (externalizing disorders). They do not include the many levels of detail a mental health professional must consider in making any of these diagnoses. For additional information, consult your doctor.

China-Taiwan Ãonflict Essay - 1100 Words

China-Taiwan Ñonflict (Essay Sample) Content: The root-causes for the China-Taiwan conflict and way the conflict poses a major threat to regional stabilityName:Course:Instructor:Date:IntroductionThe impact of global peace has seen the world make significant development over the past century. However, there are global hotspots in the globe that are a cause for concern. One of the main pillars of development is global peace. This is according to Bill Clinton, former United States of America president. One of the main areas of concerns over the years has been Taiwanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Democratization and Cross-Strait Security.One of the most vital development in the development in the China-Taiwan conflict, commonly refered to as Cross-Strait relations, is the demorcratization of Taiwan. Over the duration of the conflict, a lot of research has been done on the causes conflict and the transformation of the Island. Since the Chinese-Taiwan war of 1949, he island had slowly but gradually shifted from an authoritarian regime t o a thriving democracy.Research AimThe main aim of this research paper is to establish the deep root-causes for China-Taiwan conflict and in what way does this conflict pose a major threat to regional stabilityResearch objectivesThe following research questions have been identified in this research: * What role did China play in the China-Taiwan conflict? * What are the effects of the conflict between China and Taiwan both locally and on a global scale? * What way does this conflict poses a major threat to regional stability * Is authoritarian rule the main cause of the China-Taiwan conflict.Importance of the ResearchGlobal peace has been regarded as one of the most elusive endeavor. This is primarily because of the difference between democratic nations and authoritarian rule. This research will highlight the root cause of major international conflicts and the measures that can be used to avoid further conflicts.Theoretical/Conceptual FrameworkAs one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s major f lashpoint, the Taiwan strait was once dubbed the most dangerous spot on the planet. International affairs experts expected that this would be the factor hat ignited a clash between the United States of America (reigning superpower) and the Peoples Republic of China (Emerging power house)As the cold war drew to an end, communism lost its appeal due to the many economic advantages seen to be brought about by democracy. Taiwan looked to get more recognition as china was suffering from a century of humiliation. Taiwan sought to be recognized as a sovereign state. Using the burner of economic reform and nationalism, Taiwan tried to become a democracy. After losing a civil war in 1949 against the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) on the mainland, China continued its grip over Taiwan through the CCP from Taiwan throughout the Cold War.According to scholars, Taiwanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s democratization is regarded to as the third wave as described by Samuel Huntington. That was in the mid 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s at the height of the cold war. Tensions begun in 1986 when the ruling party Kuomintang (KMT) announced a political liberalization program and the opposition formed the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) which ended 1995. The country held the first democratic election. Before the change,Taiwan was governed by the Repablic of China as an an authoritarian state ruled by dictatorship under a quasi-Leninist party.After the KML lost the civil was in 1949, the fate of the island was sealed. Under the rule of the Chinese Communist Party, Taiwan remained under dictatorship. Despite this, the country was able to record and average of 9% gross domestic product (GDP) growth between 1960 and 1980. As the locals fought against communism, civil and political liberties, the population lived under martial law (Blanchard Hickey 2012 p.38). China used various techniques such as maintaining representation in the National Assembly and Legislative Yuan after the enactment of the Republic of China c onstitution in 1947.Locals tried to form local oppositions but those efforts were foiled by mainland China. However, with national growth, the population of the country grew exponentially. Education in the nation improved and with time there was a large educated middle class which demanded transparency and democratization. Chinese leaders had to rethink their strategy for Taiwan and started allowing Taiwan local's membership into the Central Standing Committee. The shift in political power saw the slots in the CPP, which was mainly occupied by mainlanders who moved to Taiwan in 1949 reduced. Local participation in party affairs increased which saw Tainanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s representation increase from 14% in 1973 to 52% in 1988. This represented a drastic change in political standing set the stage for future engagement with mainland china, which later escalated to China firing missiles in efforts to ease tension (Zhao 1999 p.12).This research paper will seek to employ various data analysis techniques in order to compare and contrast the various differences and benefits of democratization and authoritarian rule (Elleman 2012 p.22). In an effort to establish the gains of each governance method, this research paper will analyze economic data of various countries and draw conclusions from the analysis (Shirk 2007 p.17). This will open the door for a broader analysis of the root cause of global conflicts and potential remedies (Hickey 2001).The research will also explore the theory of The Democratic Peace and its effects in the conflict between China and Taiwan (Horowitz, Heo, Tan 2007 p.11). The theory which uses pragmatic obse...